序 言

    粉末激光烧结快速成型工艺(SLS)的研究与开发一直是国内外快速成型

(RP)技术领域的重要研究方向之一。从目前粉末激光烧结快速成型工艺的研究

现状及存在问题来看，烧结材料开发及其烧结特性的研究仍将是近期研究的热

点及核心．但是，在大力开展此热点研究的同时，却忽视了现有材料的烧结工

艺技术的进一步研究。对于当前国内外应用最广且应用最成熟的PS粉末SLST

艺，仍存在较严重的成型零件形状及尺寸精度问题。系统研究SLs工艺参数，

尤其是烧结过程中温度的控制以及合理的后处理工艺，提高SLS原型形状与尺

寸精度以及进而提高SLS原型的性能，对于满足SLS原型使用要求及扩大SLS

技术的应用范围都具有极其现实的意义。

    本文围绕粉末激光烧结快速成型工艺及其若干关键技术展开研究，内容包

括快速成型的工艺参数对成型质量与效率等的影响研究、温度控制技术研究、

后处理技术及其在医疗方面的应用。

首先，介绍了快速成型技术的基本原理，应用和分类；详细介绍了粉末

激光烧结快速成型工艺的基本原理，工艺过程。为本课题研究的开展奠定了，

理论基础。

    其次，本文分析了粉末激光烧结快速成型工艺参数设置对成型件质量的影

响，对激光功率、扫描速度、烧结间距、单层厚度、扫描方式几个工艺参数对

成型质量与效率的影响进行了实验研究，给出了主要工艺参数对成型质量与效

率的影响规律，综合工艺参数对成型制件质量与效率的影响，给出了工艺参数

的优化配置。

    结合热能传输的基础理论分析了SLS工艺的能量传输过程，研究了激光

能量的分布状态及粉末的烧结过程，并在上述两方面分析的基础之上通过实

验研究提出了一套针对PS粉末激光烧结成型的温度控制策略。

然后，介绍了SLS工艺针对不同应用目标的渗树脂和渗蜡两种后处理工

艺，分别针对于功能性原型制件和熔模铸造消失模制件的处理，通过实验研

究，给出了渗树脂和渗蜡工艺在制件清理、渗透过程及渗后处理过程中所应

注意的问题。对大型件的剖分接合加工方法进行了设计与实验研究，针对圆

截面制件建议采用插合剖分接合方案，对于非圆截面则建议采用平剖方案加

工。

    最后，本文通过实例探讨了SLS工艺在骨修复手术中的应用。介绍了利

用Mimics软件的处理CT数据的方法；然后，利用一次骨修复手术实例，探

讨了针对医用假体模型的SLS法制作工艺的相关问题，在烧结工艺参数的配

置、后处理过程等相关工艺技术方面进行了相应的研究探讨。

关键词：快速成型；粉末激光烧结；工艺参数；温度控制；后处理工艺；

医学应用

   At home and abroad，the research and development of the technology of

Selective Laser Sintering rskS)is always one of the most important research

directions in the field of Rapid Prototyping(RP)．Judging from the current

situation and the existing problems of SLS，the development of the sintered

materials and the study of its sintering characteristics will be enre in the recent

research and will last hot．While the hot research ofthis point，the further study of

sintering technology of existing powders is neglected moro or less．As to the SLS

using PS powder,which is applied most widely and maturely,there are still

relatively 8erious precision problems in the shape and size of the sintering

components．So the systematic analysis ofthe SLS process parameters,especially

the temperature control in the sintering process and the reasonable post-processing

techniques，the improvement ofthe prototype's shape and size accuracy which can

further onhance its performance will do much good to meet the Sks application

requirement and extend the application scope．

     This paper focuses on the studies of SLS technology and a number of key

technologies，including the studies of impact of the process parameters 011 the

quality and the forming efficiency,temperature control technology,

post-processing technology and its applications in the medical field．

Firstly,this paper intreduced the basic principles，the applications and the

classification of the rapid prototyping；introduced the basic principles and the

process of SLS in details．All ofthese introductions provided a theoretical basis to

the study ofthe subject．

    Secondly,this Paper analyzed the influence of SLS process parameters on the

quality of the parts．The effect of cortain process parameters，including the laser

power,scanning speed,sintering spacing，layer thickness and scanning mode，on

the quahty and efficiency of molding has been studied by experiments，and the

effect rules has been pro、，ided．The optimal allocation of the parameters has been

given by integrating the effects of process parameters on the molding quality and

efficiency．

    Using the basic theory of heat transfer,energy transfer process of SLS

technology has been analyzed．111e distribution of the laser power and the proceas

of the sintering have been studied．And a set Of PS powder laser sintering

temperature control strategy has been given．

Then,two post-pmcessing techniques aimed at different application of SLs

have been introduced,which include resin infiltration and wax infiltration．These

two technologies respectively focus orl functional prototype comlxment and melt

mold casting vanishing mold．According to the research,the paper pointed out

what should be paid attention tO in the process ofcomponent cleaning,infiltration

process and post-infiltrating lreatment of these two technologies．the partition-joint 

molding method for large parts has been designed and studied．11le

results of the experiments show that the imerting structure suits to the circle

section components and the cross-split structure suits to non-circle section

components．

    Finally,an example has been investigated to illustrate the application of the

SI S technology in bone-repairing surgery．the method of Ireating the CT data

using the soRware Mimics has been introduced；then,the related issues in medical

model sintering has been investigated using a bone-repairing surgery,such as the

technologies of the allocation of sintering parameters,the post-ptocessing and the

other technologies related．

    Key words：Rapid Prototyping,Selective Laser Sintering；Process

Parameters；Temperature Control；Post-process Technology；Medical Application